External validity concerns include generalization across times, places, or groups. Which term captures this?

• A. Internal Validity
• B. External Validity
• C. Statistical Power
• D. Reliability

Answer: (B)

External validity is about whether findings will hold up outside the exact conditions of the study, including different times, places, or groups. The statement asks about generalizing results across when and where and to whom they apply, which is exactly what external validity covers. Internal validity is about whether the study design cleanly shows a cause-and-effect relationship within the study itself, not about broad generalization. Statistical power refers to the likelihood of detecting an effect if there is one, largely tied to sample size and effect size. Reliability concerns how consistently a measurement or procedure yields the same results. So the term that captures generalization across times, places, or groups is the one describing external validity.